• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention discloses an all-organic straw granular fertilizer and a preparation method therefor. The all-organic straw granular fertilizer is prepared by mixing and granulating the components comprising the following parts of mass: 20-51 parts of straw powder; 10-15 parts of fermentation residues; 5-8 parts of dried pomelo peel powder; 3-5 parts of dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder; 5-8 parts of walnut peel powder; 3-5 parts of bran; 8-12 parts of dried water hyacinth powder; 5-10 parts of dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder; 5-10 parts of dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder; and 3 parts of diatomite. The all-organic straw granular fertilizer of the present invention has multiple-effect characteristics, has the functions of supplying the fertilizer, expelling parasites, killing insects, disinfecting, etc., and is prepared through all-organic matter.
    公开号:NL2024759A
    申请号:NL2024759
    申请日:2020-01-24
    公开日:2021-01-18
    发明作者:Wang Jin；Feng Huancheng；Li Yuyi；Liu Liu Nana；Zhang Hongyuan；Zhang Xiaoli
    申请人:Chinese Acad Of Agricultural Sciences；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ALL-ORGANIC STRAW GRANULAR FERTILIZER AND PREPARATION METHODTHEREFOR
    TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an all-organic straw granular fertilizer and a preparation method therefor and belongs to the technical field of bio-fertilizers in an agricultural field.
    BACKGROUND There are many people and few lands in China, and grain production is under great pressure. With the growth of population and the development of industry and urbanization, the cultivated land in China is decreasing year by year. Increasing the grain output per unit area has become an important way to ensure food security in China. For many years, the increase of agricultural output in China mainly depends on the application of chemical fertilizer. However, with the increase of application amount of chemical fertilizer, the contribution rate to grain production is reduced. The data of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation display that in 1980-2002, the consumption of the chemical fertilizer in China is increased by 61%, while the grain output is only increased by 31%. At the same time, the chemical fertilizer use efficiency is also reduced, the nitrogen use efficiency in this season is only 35%, while the nitrogen use efficiency in a greenhouse is lower, only 10%. The excessive use of chemical fertilizer can also lead to a series of soil and ecological problems, causing soil aggregate structure to get damaged, soil to harden and organic matter to decline, lead to problems such as poor water conservation, poor fertilizer maintenance, poor permeability, etc., and also will cause the quality of crops to decline, and what is more important, will cause an ecological environment of soil to deteriorate, and excessively depend on the chemical fertilizer. Applying the organic fertilizer is a main way to improve this phenomenon. The organic fertilizer at present is usually mainly waste rich in organic matter, and the treatment manners such as stack retting, passing through a belly, etc. can be adopted. But there are many disadvantages such as labor consuming and time consuming, single effect, nutrient loss, etc., and what is more important, some plant diseases and insect pests will spread and have a negative impact on the ecological environment of farmland soil. Moreover, for the organic fertilizer at home and abroad, the good and bad are intermingled, and some are mainly chemical fertilizer. The present invention proposes a multiple-effect straw granular fertilizer, which has all-organic ingredients.
    SUMMARY The purpose of the present invention is to provide an all-organic straw granular fertilizer and a preparation method therefor. The all-organic straw granular fertilizer of the present invention has multiple-effect characteristics, has the functions of supplying the fertilizer, expelling parasites, killing insects, disinfecting, etc., and is prepared through all- organic matter.
    The all-organic straw granular fertilizer provided in the present invention is prepared by mixing and granulating the components comprising the following parts of mass: 20-51 parts of straw powder; 10-15 parts of fermentation residues; 5-8 parts of dried pomelo peel powder; 3-5 parts of dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder; 5-8 parts of walnut peel powder; 3-5 parts of bran; 8-12 parts of dried water hyacinth powder; 5-10 parts of dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder; 5-10 parts of dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder; and 3 parts of diatomite.
    The fermentation residues are prepared according to the following steps: mixing the crushed crop straw, orange peel with wastewater in a sugar industry, sealing and fermenting, separating to obtain the fermentation residues and the fermentation liquor, and drying and grinding the fermentation residues.
    In the present invention, when the fermentation residues are prepared, the fermented substances contain the orange peel and waste water in the sugar industry with higher sugar content, the orange peel contains essential oil and other substances, and the fermentation residues have the functions of disinfecting, cleaning, expelling parasites, etc., also have higher biological activity, can provide various nutrient substances, and contain large amounts of probiotics.
    In above all-organic straw granular fertilizer, the straw adopted by the straw powder is selected from at least one of wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and Chinese sorghum; and the particle size of the straw powder can be 1-2mm. In the above all-organic straw granular fertilizer, the crop straw is selected from at least one of wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and Chinese sorghum; and the particle size of the crushed crop straw can be less than 1.5mm; the particle size of the ground fermentation residues can be 1-2mm; the mass ratio of the crop straw to the orange peel can be 100: 10-15;
    the added amount of wastewater in the sugar industry is to submerge the crop straw and the orange peel; and the fermentation time can be 80-90d.
    In the above all-organic straw granular fertilizer, the components of the prepared all- organic straw granular fertilizer are mixed and then granulated by spraying the fermentation liquor.
    In the above all-organic straw granular fertilizer, the amount of sprayed fermentation liquor is 10-50%. of total solid mass of the components of the prepared all-organic straw granular fertilizer; and The present invention also comprises a concentration step before spraying the fermentation liquor: filtering the fermentation liquor, putting the liquor obtained through the filtration in a reverse osmosis membrane separation system to conduct membrane distillation and distilling, to obtain the concentrated fermentation liquor.
    In above all-organic straw granular fertilizer, the components of the prepared all- organic straw granular fertilizer are mixed and then granulated by spraying the straw-stalk vinegar.
    Preparing the straw-stalk vinegar comprises the following steps: when the temperature is not more than 350°, carbonizing the crop straw, condensing and collecting the mixed gas generated in the carbonization process, to obtain the liquid mixture; and after keeping the liquid mixture standing for 3-6 months, removing precipitation, to obtain the straw-stalk vinegar.
    The amount of sprayed straw-stalk vinegar is 10-30%. of total solid mass of the components of the prepared all-organic straw granular fertilizer.
    The present invention also provides the preparation method for the all-organic straw granular fertilizer, comprising the following steps: 1) mixing the crushed crop straw, orange peel with wastewater in the sugar industry, sealing and fermenting, separating to obtain the fermentation residues and the fermentation liquor, and drying and grinding the fermentation residues; 2) mixing the straw powder, fermentation residues, dried pomelo peel powder, dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder, walnut peel powder, bran, dried water hyacinth powder, dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder, dried Eupaftorium adenophorum powder and diatomite, and spraying the fermentation liquor and mixing, to obtain a mixture; and 3) granulating the mixture to obtain the all-organic straw granular fertilizer.
    In above preparation method, in step 1), the crop straw is selected from at least one of wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and Chinese sorghum; and the particle size of the crushed crop straw can be less than 1.5mm; the particle size of the ground fermentation residues can be 1-2mm; the mass ratio of the crop straw to the orange peel can be 100: 10-15; the added amount of wastewater in the sugar industry is to submerge the crop straw and the orange peel; and the fermentation time can be 80-90d.
    In the above preparation method, the present invention also comprises a concentration step before spraying the fermentation liquor: filtering the fermentation liquor, putting the liquor obtained through the filtration in a reverse osmosis membrane separation system to conduct membrane distillation and distilling, to obtain the concentrated fermentation liquor.
    In the above all-organic straw granular fertilizer, in step 2), the granulation is also conducted by spraying the straw-stalk vinegar.
    Preparing the straw-stalk vinegar comprises the following steps: when the temperature is not more than 350°C, carbonizing the crop straw, condensing and collecting the mixed gas generated in the carbonization process, to obtain the liquid mixture; and after keeping the liquid mixture standing for 3-6 months, removing precipitation, to obtain the straw-stalk vinegar.
    In the present invention, the amount of sprayed fermentation liquor is 10-50%. of total solid mass in the prepared all-organic straw granular fertilizer; and the amount of sprayed straw-stalk vinegar is 10-30%. of total solid mass in the prepared all-organic straw granular fertilizer.
    In the present invention, in step 3), the present invention also comprises reorganizing, drying and packaging steps after granulation.
    The present invention has the following advantages:
    1. The all-organic straw granular fertilizer of the present invention has multiple-effect characteristics, and has the functions of supplying the fertilizer, expelling parasites, killing insects, disinfecting, etc.
    2. The fermentation of the orange peel, the straw and the waste water in the sugar industry can produce a large number of enzymes and other beneficial substances, and the liquid and the fermentation residues thereof can expel insects, disinfect and sterilize, and can provide lots of probiotics and active substances.
    3. The hole material of the dried pomelo peel powder can change a soil physical structure to make the soil become soft, and can adsorb great number of beneficial bacteria and nutrient substances, to provide a place to live for soil microorganisms;
    4. Mixing the straw powder with the bran powder can provide various nutrients, the 5 costs are low, the straw powder and the bran powder are rich and easy to get, and the straw powder with the bran powder are an ecologically safe and efficient soil improving material.
    5. The dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder contains large amounts of B- sitosterol, alkaloid, protein, etc., is an excellent natural botanical pesticide and can expel parasites, kill insects and maintain the soil health.
    6. The multi-micropore of a walnut shell surface has better adsorbing effect, and contains great number of trace elements, minerals and bioactive substances, and has an important function in improving the soil quality.
    7. The water hyacinth, Spartina alternifiora Loisel, Eupatorium adenophorum, etc.
    not only are good organic fertilizers, but also are harmful to invasive plants, and are prepared to be used as fertilizer, which can have good effects of utilizing the waste materials and recycling the materials.
    8. The diatomite not only contains great number of minerals, but also can used as an adsorbent.
    9. The straw-stalk vinegar contains great number of organic acids, phenols, alcohol, ketone, etc.; and has disinfection, antibiotic function, insect-proof function, sterilization function, etc.
    10. The particles have certain functions of absorbing water and accumulating water and can improve a soil moisture environment.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
    The reagents and materials used in the following embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
    Embodiment 1 Preparation for all-organic straw granular fertilizer and application thereof to plant spring maize
    1. Preparation for fermentation residue and concentrated fermentation liquor crushing the crop straw (wheat straw, maize straw and peanut straw are mixed in the ratio of 2:2:1) to below specification of 1.5cm, adding the orange peel accounting for about 15% of the straw mass, adding the waste water in a sugar industry (solid substances are required to be submerged in water), and sealing and fermenting for 90d; drying and grinding the fermentation residues as a standby; and distilling and concentrating the fermentation liquor, and the specific method comprises filtrating the separated fermentation liquor, putting the liquor obtained through the filtration in a reverse osmosis membrane separation system to conduct membrane distillation and distilling, to obtain the concentrated fermentation liquor.
    2. Preparation for straw-stalk vinegar comprises mixing the maize straw, wheat straw, rice straw and Chinese sorghum straw in a ratio of 1: 1:1:1 and carbonizing in a retort, wherein the temperature is set to be not more than 350°C, condensing and collecting the mixed gas generated in a carbonization process, to obtain a liquid mixture, after keeping the liquid mixture standing for 5 months, removing precipitation, and separating the liquor without bottom precipitation, that is, the straw-stalk vinegar.
    3. Preparation for straw powder: crushing the crop straw (wheat, maize, rice, soybeans and sunflowers are mixed in the mass ratio of 3:3:2:1:1) to below specification of 0.2cm and having fine powder shape.
    4. Preparation for all-organic straw granular fertilizer: The weight percentages of dry weight are respectively as follows: mixing the straw powder (45%), fermentation residues (13%), dried pomelo peel powder (8%), dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder (5%), walnut peel powder (5%), bran (3%), dried water hyacinth powder (8%), dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder (5%), dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder (5%) and diatomite (3%) in the ratio; spraying the concentrated fermentation liquor with 50%. of solid mass and the straw-stalk vinegar with 30% of solid mass to mix, and stirring uniformly; and granulating, reorganizing, drying and packaging, to obtain a finished product; before sowing maize in combination with land preparation, using the all-organic straw granular fertilizer prepared in embodiment of the present invention as base fertilizer to apply and conducting furrow application with the depth of 25cm and the application amount of 450kg/mu; topdressing 150kg/mu of fertilizer before and after a huge bell- mouth stage of the maize, conducting deep placement at an appropriate distance of a side, and timely covering the earth; in a control group, conducting basal application of 1000kg of farmyard manure and 30kg of calcium superphosphate, and conducting furrow application with the depth of 25cm; and topdressing 12 kg/mu of urea before and after the huge bell-mouth stage of the maize. The other two groups of water and fertilizer management measures are consistent. Compared with the control group, the maize yield is increased by 6.5-9.2%, the length of the cob is increased by an average of 3.0cm, and the insect pests are reduced by 18%.
    Embodiment 2 Preparation for all-organic straw granular fertilizer and application thereof to plant fresh kidney beans The preparation for the fermentation residues, the concentrated fermentation liquor and the straw-stalk vinegar is the same as that in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
    The preparation for the all-organic straw granular fertilizer is the same as that in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
    The weight percentages of dry weight of multiple-effect all-organic straw granular fertilizer are respectively as follows: mixing the straw powder (39%), fermentation residues (15%), dried pomelo peel powder (8%), dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder (5%), walnut peel powder (6%), bran (4%), dried water hyacinth powder (10%), dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder (5%), dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder (5%) and diatomite (3%) in the ratio; in application, bedding in combination with land preparation, and applying 400kg/mu of the all-organic straw granular fertilizer of the present invention as base fertilizer with the application depth of 25cm; after the seedlings of the fresh kidney beans are planted to afield, topdressing 80kg/mu of the fertilizer, and conducting furrow application with the application depth of 15cm; after the first inflorescence begins to pod, topdressing 240kg/mu of the fertilizer, and conducting furrow application with the application depth of 15cm; in a control group, applying 3500kg of the compost as base fertilizer with the application depth of 25cm, and combining the row replacement with the spread application; after the seedlings of the fresh kidney beans are planted to a field, topdressing 8kg/mu of urea and 5kg/mu of potassium sulphate, and conducting furrow application with the application depth of 15cm; after the first inflorescence begins to pod, topdressing 10kg/mu of urea and 6kg/mu of potassium sulphate, and conducting furrow application with the application depth of 15cm. The other two groups of water and fertilizer management measures are same. Compared with the control group, the fresh kidney beans yield is increased by 8.1-16.1%, the length of pods is increased by an average of
    2.3cm, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced by 22%, and the quality is improved.
    Embodiment 3 Preparation for all-organic straw granular fertilizer and application thereof to plant edible amaranth The preparation for the fermentation residues, the concentrated fermentation liquor and the straw-stalk vinegar is the same as that in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
    The preparation for the all-organic straw granular fertilizer is the same as that in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
    The weight percentages of dry weight of multiple-effect all-organic straw granular fertilizer are respectively as follows: mixing the straw powder (34%), fermentation residues (12%), dried pomelo peel powder (8%), dried oriental bittersweet root peel powder (5%), walnut peel powder (5%), bran (3%), dried water hyacinth powder (10%), dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder (10%), dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder (10%) and diatomite (3%) in the ratio; with 400kg/mu of the application amount of the all- organic straw granular fertilizer of the present invention, before sowing the edible amaranth, applying as base fertilizer, that is, conducting furrow application before land preparation with the application depth of 15cm; in the control group, before land preparation, applying 1800kg/mu of the mature night soil as base fertilizer, wherein both application manners are same. Compared with the control group, the edible amaranth yield is increased by an average of 11.2%, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced by 19%, the fresh weight of underground parts is increased by 2.8%, the chlorophyll content is increased by 0.14%, the quality indexes of the edible amaranth such as soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein, etc. are improved, and the quality is effectively improved.
    The above only describes preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit a protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and the principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A wholly organic straw grain fertilizer, which is prepared by mixing and granulating the components, and which consists of the following parts by mass: 20-51 parts straw powder; 10-15 parts of fermentation residues; 5-8 parts dried pomelo peel powder 3-5 parts dried oriental bittersweet carrot peel powder; 5-8 parts walnut husk powder 3-5 parts of bran 8-12 parts dried water hyacinth powder; 5-10 parts of dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder; 5-10 parts of dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder; and 3 parts of diatomite; the fermentation residues are prepared according to the following steps: mixing the crushed straw, orange peel with waste water from a sugar industry; sealing and fermenting; separating to obtain the fermentation residues and the fermentation broth, and drying and grinding the fermentation residues.
    [2]
    Whole organic straw grain fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the straw used for the straw powder is selected from at least one of wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and Chinese sorghum; and the particle size of the straw powder is 1-2 mm.
    [3]
    Whole organic straw grain fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the crop straw is selected from at least one of wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and Chinese sorghum; the particle size of the crushed crop straw is not more than 1.5 mm; the particle size of the crushed fermentation residues is 1-2 mm; the mass ratio of the crop straw to the orange peel is 100: 10-15; the added amount of waste water from the sugar industry is to submerge the crop straw and orange peel; and the fermentation time is 80-90d.
    [4]
    Whole organic straw grain fertilizer according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the components of the prepared wholly organic straw grain fertilizer are mixed and then granulated by spraying the fermentation broth.
    [5]
    Whole organic straw grain fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of sprayed fermentation broth is 10-50% of the total solid mass of the components of the prepared wholly organic straw grain fertilizer; and the all-organic straw grain fertilizer also includes a concentration step, before the fermentation broth is sprayed: filtering the fermentation broth, placing the liquid obtained by the filtration in a reverse osmosis membrane separation system to perform membrane distillation and distillation, in order to obtain the concentrated fermentation broth. to gain.
    [6]
    Whole organic straw grain fertilizer according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the components of the prepared all organic straw grain fertilizer are mixed and subsequently granulated by spraying straw stem vinegar; preparing the straw vinegar consists of the following steps: at a temperature not higher than 350 ° C, carbonizing the crop straw, condensing and collecting the mixed gas formed in a carbonization process to obtain a liquid mixture; and after keeping the liquid mixture for 3-6 months, removing the precipitate to obtain the straw stem vinegar; and the amount of straw vinegar sprayed is 10-30% 0 of the total solid mass of the components of the prepared all-organic straw grain fertilizer.
    [7]
    7. Preparation method for the all organic straw grain fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6, consists of the following steps: 1) mixing the crushed straw, orange peel with sugar industry waste water, sealing and fermenting, separating to separate the fermentation residues and the fermentation broth to obtain, and drying and grinding the fermentation residues; 2) mixing the straw powder, fermentation residues, dried pomelo husk powder, dried oriental bittersweet carrot husk powder, walnut husk powder, bran, dried water hyacinth powder, dried Spartina alterniflora Loisel powder, dried Eupatorium adenophorum powder and diatomite, and spraying the fermentation broth and mixing , to obtain a mixture; and 3) granulating the mixture to obtain the all organic straw grain fertilizer.
    [8]
    Preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that in step 1) the crop straw is selected from at least one of wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and Chinese sorghum; the particle size of the crushed crop straw is not more than 1.5 mm;
    the particle size of the crushed fermentation residues is 1-2 mm; the mass ratio of the crop straw to the orange peel is 100: 10-15; the added amount of waste water from the sugar industry is to submerge the crop straw and orange peel; and the fermentation time is 80-90d.
    [9]
    The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the present invention also includes the concentration step before the fermentation broth is sprayed: filtering the fermentation broth, placing the liquid obtained by the filtration in the reverse osmosis membrane separation system to extract membrane distillation. and distill to obtain the concentrated fermentation broth.
    [10]
    Preparation method according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that in step 2) the granulation is also carried out by spraying the straw stem vinegar; and preparing the straw stem vinegar consists of the following steps: at a temperature not higher than 350 ° C, carbonizing the crop straw, condensing and collecting the mixed gas produced in a carbonization process to obtain a liquid mixture; and after keeping the liquid mixture for 3-6 months, removing the precipitate to obtain the straw stem vinegar.
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